Natural vegetation can be categorised into three categories namely; forest, grassland and desert. Shrubs: These consists of thorny shrubs and scrubs. Representative dunes include dome dunes, transverse dunes, barchans, star dunes, shadow dunes, linear dunes and longitudinal dunes. [6], A desert depression is caused by polygenetic factors such as wind erosion, broad shallow warping and block faulting, stream erosion, karst activity, salt weathering mass wasting, and zoogenic processes; representative examples are the large enclosed basins in Africa, such as Farafra, Baharia, Dakhla, Qattara, Siwa and Kargha. The following are the principal types of natural vegetation in India: (1) Tropical Evergreen Rain Forests, (2) Deciduous or Monsoon Type of Forests, (3) Dry Deciduous Forests and Scrubs, (4) Semi Desert and Desert Vegetation… Temperate Evergreen Forests are located in the mid-latitudinal coastal region. The changes in the type of natural vegetation occur mainly because of the changes in climatic condition. The Washington coast even has a cool, wet rain forest. The average annual precipitation in low latitude deserts is less than 250 mm. Tropical deciduous forests are monsoon forests. As such, there is a succession of natural vegetation belts in the same order as we see from the tropical to the tundra region. [5] Second, the eolian process leads to abrasion, which forms special landforms with a significant undercut.[5]. Additionally, it is also common to see crimson hedgehog, cactus, common saltbush and desert ironwood, fairy duster, Joshua tree. Aquatic Ecosystems. Feedback mechanisms also play a significant role in the process of enlarging the pan; salts are left as water accumulates in depressions, which inhibits sedimentation due to weather and the growth of vegetation in the future. For flora, general adaptations including transforming leaves into spines to protect themselves. If you have any query regarding Natural Vegetation and Wild Life Class 7 Geography Chapter 6 Notes, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest. [11], Sodium nitrate forms through the evaporation of water in desert areas. Answer: b (iii) In tropical evergreen forest, one of the common animals is: (a) Monkey (b) Giraffe (c) Camel. Answer: a Mosses, lichens and very small Shrubs are found in cold regions. Precious gemstones such as diamonds are used in jewellery and decoration. Tropics form a belt around the equator from latitude 3 degrees north to latitude 3 degrees south, which is called the Intertropical Convergence Zone. In addition to these extreme environmental and climate conditions, most tropical deserts are covered with sand and rocks, and thus too flat and lacking in vegetation to block out the wind. Anaconda: It is one of the world’s largest snakes found in the tropical rainforest. Thorny bushes are found in the dry desert-like regions. Turquoise is a very valuable and popular opaque gemstone, with a beautiful blue-green or sky-blue colour and exquisite veins. First, deflation may cause the light lowering of ground surface, leading to deflation hollows, plains, basins, blowouts, wind-eroded plains and parabolic dunes. Specifically, Hadley cells dry out the air and inhibit condensation. This is due to special geological processes, and climate factors in the desert can preserve and enhance mineral deposits. [9], For fauna, the easiest way is to stay away from the surface of the tropical deserts as much as possible to avoid the heat and aridity. Mediterranean vegetation is mostly found in the areas around the Mediterranean sea in Europe, Africa and Asia. Answer: Polar regions are extremely cold. Vegetation is mixed, including dense forests of broad-leafed deciduous trees, needle-leafed evergreens, and giant California redwoods. [1], Another significant determinant of tropical desert climate is the presence of subtropical high pressure throughout the year; this involves dry and hot descending air cells named Hadley cells. These minerals are created when the water in desert lakes evaporates. Tropical evergreen forests also known as tropical rainforests are very dense and are found in the regions near the equator and close to the tropics. The environment in tropical deserts is harsh as well as barren; only certain plants and animals with special behavioral and physical mechanisms can live there. A common example is the cactus, which has a specific means of storing and conserving water, along with few or no leaves to minimize transpiration. If wind speed exceeds 80 km/h, it can generate dust storms and sandstorms and erode the rocky surface. [8] Other animals, such as wolf spiders and scorpions, have a thick outer covering that minimizes moisture loss. Some animals live in burrows under the ground which are not too hot and relatively humid; they stay in their burrows during the heat of the day, and only come out to seek food at night. are found. Tropical Deciduous Forests are monsoon forests which shed their leaves in the dry season to conserve water. Thorny bushes are found in the dry deserts. Here, vegetation cover is scarce because of poor rain and scorching heat. It is also used in the manufacturing of pharmaceuticals, fertilizers, dyes, explosives flares and enamels. Tropical heat generates unstable air in this area, and air masses become extremely dry due to the loss of moisture during the process of tropical ascent. Various landforms are found in tropical deserts due to different kinds of eolian process. [11], Natural gas and oil are complex hydrocarbons that formed millions of years ago from the decomposition of animals and plants. They grow during the very short summer. In these forests both hard and softwood trees such as oak, pine, eucalyptus, etc. Desert plants grow slowly as less photosynthesis takes place, allowing them to invest more in defence. Mediterranean Vegetation is found around the Mediterranean Sea in Europe. NATURAL VEGETATION AND WILDLIFE 47 Figure 5.7 : Mangrove Forests Montane Forests In mountainous areas, the decrease in temperature with increasing altitude leads to the corresponding change in natural vegetation. Specifically, temperatures in a low elevation inland desert can reach 40°C to 50°C during the day, and drop to approximately 5°C at night; the daily range is around 30 to 40°C. Hardwood trees such as rosewood, ebony, mahogany are common here. Examples of these animals include kangaroo rats and lizards. Taiga. Forests may be dense and open. These forests are found in the higher latitudes of Northern hemisphere. source. Representative deserts include the Sahara Desert in North Africa, the Australian Desert, Arabian Desert and Syrian Desert in Western Asia, the Kalahari Desert in Southern Africa, Sonoran Desert in the United States and Mexico, Mojave Desert in the United States, Thar Desert in India and Pakistan, Dasht-e Margo and Registan Desert in Afghanistan and Dasht-e Kavir and Dasht-e Loot in Iran. Tropical grasslands grow in the areas of moderate to low amount of rainfall. Boric acid is derived from borax and can be used to manufacture agricultural chemicals such as herbicide and insecticide, It is also used widely in fire retardants, glass, ceramics, water softeners, pharmaceuticals, paint, enamel, cosmetics and coated paper. Forests: They grow where temperature and rainfall are plentiful to support a tree cover. The growth of natural vegetation depends on temperature and moisture. Forests grow where temperature and rainfall are plentiful to support a tree cover. They have the highest average monthly temperature on Earth. Seal, walruses, musk-oxen, Arctic owl etc. Inverted topography is frequently observed in yardang fields, such as raised channels in Egypt, Oman and China and on Mars.[7]. Temperate Deciduous Forests are those which shed their leaves in the dry season. No significant populations can survive in tropical deserts due to extreme aridity, heat and the paucity of vegetation; only specific flora and fauna with special behavioral and physical mechanisms are supported. They are of two types—Tropical Grasslands, which have tall coarse grass, and Temperate Grasslands. Subsiding air from dominant high pressure areas in a cloud-free sky can also lead to large amounts of insolation; a cloudless sky enables day temperature to escape rapidly at night. [7], Yardangs can be observed in orbital and aerial images of Mars and Earth. This is called Tundra type of vegetation. Relative humidity is very low – only 10% to 30% in interior locations. [11], "Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS)", "Blue Planet Biomes - Sonoran Desert Toad", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tropical_desert&oldid=1006974415, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 15 February 2021, at 20:43. [4] Therefore, wind plays an important role in shaping various landforms. Temperate Grasslands are in mid-latitudes and are called prairies, steppes, etc. Some deserts do not have rainfall all year round, because they are located far from the ocean. These are found in areas with scanty rain and scorching heat. They shed their leaves in dry seasons. Savannah grasslands of Africa present a suitable example of these types of grasslands. The change in the type of natural vegetation occurs mainly because of the changes of climatic conditions. The grass is usually short here. Yardangs usually develop in arid regions, predominantly due to wind, processes. MCQ Questions for Class 9 Social Science with Answers were prepared based on the latest exam pattern. Natural Vegetation and Wild Life Class 7 Notes Social Science Geography Chapter 6 SST Pdf free download is part of Class 7 Social Science Notes for Quick Revision. It also depends on factors such as slope and thickness of soil. Animals such as silver fox, mink, polar bear are common here. Mediterranean vegetation is mainly comprised of citrus fruits such as oranges, figs, olives and grapes. [8] They also have specific ways to store water and prevent water from leaving their bodies. Coniferous forests are also known as Traga. Moreover, some other animals in deserts including coyote, desert bighorn sheep, desert kangaroo rat, desert tortoise, javelina and Mojave rattlesnake, cougar. They are left at higher relief due to their relative resistance to wind erosion. Landforms caused by wind erosion vary greatly in characteristics and size. We hope the given Natural Vegetation and Wild Life Class 7 Notes Social Science Geography Chapter 6 SST Pdf free download will help you. Chir, pine, cedar is an important variety of trees in these forests. Trees like oak, ash, beech etc. Give cm account of the natural vegetation and wildlife found in the polar regions. Animals like elephants, zebras, giraffes, dear are commonly found here. Natural vegetation means the plants that grow naturally without human interference. Short and nutritious grass in found here. that grow naturally without human interference constitute natural vegetation. Rainfall is sporadic; precipitation may not be observed at all in a few years. For example, some valuable metallic minerals, such as gold, silver, iron, zinc, and uranium, are found in Western Desert in Australia.